Time as Medicine

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Time is a fundamental aspect of our existence and the world around us. It allows us to measure the duration, sequence and rate of changes of events  Time is important for taking medicine because taking it at the right time ensures that the body has the effective amount of drug at all times. Chronobiology is the branch of science which explores the impact of time on biological systems of the body. The Circadian (in latin means 'Around or approximately a day')   Rhythm  is the mode in which body's internal clock follows on 24 hours a day. This rhythm manages sleep and waking up, hormones, temparature, digestion and other processes in the body. This rhythm works under the  control of nucleus known as Suprachiasmatic.(Pair of clusters of neurons in the brain that regulates the body's circadian rhythms). It is located directly above the optic chiasm, a central pacemaker of controlling most circadian timing system in the body. The destruction of nucleus demonstrated disrupted patterns of body's temperature and behavirol function. These rhythms allow living organisms to predict and respond to a changing environment set by repititive day/night cycles.  

These rhythms effects both the disposition and actions of various drugs which can effect toxicity and therapeutic based on dosing time. All four processes i.e absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination show circadian rhythms. Besides, light and dark have the biggest effect on circadian but other things can influence it like - Stress, physical activity, food intake, travel, temperature, overnight work shifts, poor sleep habits, mental health conditions involving head or brain, some medications. Such disruptions cause short or long term health issues. 

To reset  circadian rhythm, follow the healthy daily track -

-  Try to stick to daily routine.

-  Go outside in the light to boost your sense of wakefulness.

-  Do some form of physical activity.

-   Avoid alcohol. caffeine and nicotine in the evenings.

-   Don't take a nap in late afternoons or evenings.

-    Limit screen time before bedtime. Blue light can disrupt ability to fall sleep.

-   Sleep ona supportive mattress. 

It is essential to note that circadian rhythm coordinates physical and mental systems throughout the body. For example, endocrine system controls hormones like cortisol for energy expenditure and digestive system create proteins to match the timing of meals. This rhythm connects to an internal clock in the brain. Medicine's secret ingredient is in the timing. Synchronizing drug delivery with a patient's body clock can yield clear benefits.   

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