ranjan

Nuclear testing has often been used as an indicator of scientific and military strength, and many tests have been overtly (without concealment or secrecy) political in their intention, most nuclear states publicly declared their nuclear status by carrying out a nuclear test. The effects of a nuclear explosion are much more destructive and multifaceted than those caused by conventional explosives.    The end of World War II marked the beginning of the atomic age, when a number of states launched the nuclear arms race. The beginning of the atomic age marked the outset of nuclear weapons testing, which is responsible for radioactive contamination of a large number of sites worldwide. Nuclear tests were conducted in all environments, namely in the atmosphere, underground and underwater. Atmospheric nuclear weapons testing involved the release of considerable amounts of radioactive materials directly into the environment and caused the largest collective dose from man-made sources of ra