ranjan

The traditional approach to public policy making involves listing possible states of the world given the set of possible choices, assigning a probability to each state, and calculating an expected outcome by considering costs and benefits. This approach works well in situations where the choices are well-known and where uncertainty can be quantified as risk. Policy success and failure rests with level of endorsement and commitment. Factors that affect policy implementation include how the policy is implemented at the onset.  The main barriers to policy formulation and implementation are - a) Poor enforcement, b) Resources, c) Industry interference and d) Lack of clear roles. These could be set straight with more effort, resources and goodwill. Although it is widely accepted that public policies are difficult to implement, most analyses of policy failures are conceived of as a predominantly rational processes.   Failure to achieve the envisioned results puts high costs on the economy in