Micro Robots in Medical Treatment

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A Micro Robot is a miniaturized sophisticated machine, designed to perform a task or tasks repeatedly and with precision. Micro Robots typically have dimensions ranging from a millimeter
up to several millimeters. An autonomous Micro robot contains its own on-Board computer, which controls the machine and allows it to operate independently.

Robots in medicine help by relieving medical personnel from routine tasks that take their time
away from pressing responsibilities, and by making medical procedures safer and less costly for
patients. Recent progress in Micro Robotics is moving closer to a future in which tiny intelligent machines will navigate through our bodies. These Micro Robots will aid medical professionals in
the diagnosis and treatment of a number of human diseases. For the past few years, scientists around the world have been studying ways to use miniature robots to better treat a variety of diseases.Th e Robots are designed to enter the human body where they can deliver drugs at specific locations or perform precise operations like clearing clogged up arteries. By replacing invasive, often complicated surgery, they could optimize medicine.

Unlike conventional Robots, these Microrobots are flexible, soft and motor less. They are made of a Biocompatible hydrogel and Magnetic nanoparticles. These nano particles have two functions, they give Microrobots their shape during manufacturing and make them move and swim when an elctromagnetic field is applied.

Building one of these Microrobots involves several steps. First, the Nanoparticles are placed inside layers of Biocompatible hydrogel. Then an electromagnetic field is applied to orientate the nanoparticles at different parts of Robot, followed by a polymerization step to "solidify" the hydrogel.
After this, the hydrogel is placed in water where it folds in specific ways depending on the orientation of nanoparticles inside the gel, to form the final overall 3-D architecture of the microrobot. Once the final shape is achieved, an electromagnetic field is used to make the Robot swim. Then, when heated, Robot changes shape and "unfolds". This fabrication approach allowed to build Microrobots  mimic the bacterium that mimic the Bacterium otherwise known as sleeping sickness.This particular Bacterium used for propulsion but hides its way once inside a person's Blood stream as a survival mechanism.

For now, Microrobots are still in development to make sure that they don't cause any side effects in patients.



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