Education Reforms in India

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Reforms in education sector have been one of the top priorities of the Governments in India. Constant efforts have been undertaken to continuously revamp the education system effectively in India to provide equitable access to education. However, reforms can be possible only if it is implemented and governed properly, which is an extremely difficult challenge. The Govt. introduces various schemes and policies to improve the education system in the country particularly quality and content of instruction. However, the system has failed to achieve its objectives and transforms according to global standards. This gives a rise to see the factors to look upon various barriers implementing education reforms. These are -

1) Systemic and Structural reforms - Reforms have been majorly ineffective because of deeply rooted systemic and structural problems within the system. The reforms are focusing on various inputs as the learning performance is assessed by infrastructure and mid-day meals. Moreover, teachers asked to raise student standards are burdened with administrative tasks, over sized classes, lack of training etc. As a result, they resort to old learning techniques to cope with the heavy work pressures. Budgetary constraints and lack of manpower as also technological sources are the other possible barriers. 

2) Interest and Ideologies - Text book and curriculum reforms have been difficult because ruling Govt. would insert their opinions, interests and ideologies to the text books. This take into account individual behavior - an important factor in Decision making.

3) Top down policy - Education being a concurrent list subject policy interventions follows a Top Down approach - major decisions are taken at Central level. This ignores the extent of change required in other areas for successful implementation of reforms. Hurdles in implementing a common entrance exam for admission to Medical colleges was a result of such approach.

4) Behavioral change - Policy designers ask a change in behavior which can only come through knowledge, experience and sense-making. Transforming the education system is a value-driven and emotional process which needs to be implemented strategically through behavioral change process.

5) Management of Higher Education Institutions - Govt. should establish a separate authority to look into the affairs of such institutions.The authority should a system on the working of  Chief Executives of such institutions to prevent them from diverting rules in their interest, making the workforce suffer due to their biased decisions. It will improve the reforms in education system to a large extent. This is needed since down the line, same process starts following to the actions of the Seniors and spoils work culture in these institutions. 



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