ranjan

Traditionally, repair or replacement of Mitral Valve is done by open surgery which involves cutting into the chest to get to the heart. There may be a long recovery time because the separated bone needs to heal. Treatment of Mitral valve disease depends on the severity of your condition. When heart valves begin to fail, the heart beats harder to make up for reduced blood flow. As the heart beats harder, symptoms of valve disease may occur including - 1) Shortness of breath or difficulty in catching your breath. 2) Palpitations. 3) Swelling of feet, Ankles or Abdomen. 4) Weakness or dizziness 5) Quick weight gain 6) Discomfort in chest.  In key hole surgery, small cuts are made in the chest wall between the Ribs. A Camera and Monitor are inserted through one of the cuts. By watching what is happening on the monitor, the Surgeon performs the operation to repair the Mitral valve using special instruments inserted through the remaining holes. The medical name used is 'Thora...

In continuation of my earlier note on the subject, I am to add the following - There are other energy sources that are highly effective without the huge risks of Nuclear pollution or irradiation - Geothermal sources, Ocean currents, Tidal waves, wind and waterfalls all make alternative power solutions that should not be neglected. Environment -friendly electricity is one of the chances this Planet has to survive. Attempts have been made by an American company to build a Radioactive Storage Facility on Marshall Islands ignoring the even higher potential threats for nuclear pollution under the circumstances of a growing sea level. Such solution may appear convenient from a certain point but from a wider point of view, irresponsibility is obvious. Nuclear power is a power, generally electrical produced from controlled, that is non - explosive nuclear reactions. 15% of world's electricity in 2009 came from nuclear power,despite concerns about safety and radioactive waste managem...

Nuclear energy contributes a very small amount of emissions in the atmosphere which can cause many environment problems such as Global warming. Uranium (used as fuel) is not burned in a Nuclear power plant as coal is so there is no emission from it. Carbon Dioxide are emitted in activities related to building and running the plants. The process of mining Uranium releases high amounts of carbon dioxide in the environment. Any undesirable effect caused to the environment due to radioactive substances or radiations is called nuclear pollution. If traces of radioactive substances are present in the water released from plant, it will cause pollution. It effects almost all forms in the surrounding environment. From Plank tons to Human beings nothing is spared. To be more specific, radiation can cause mutations that lead to cancer and the dose of radiation or level of pollution determines lethality or how deadly it is. However, Nuclear Pollution is extremely hazardous in nature. It occurs ...

Besides the element of luck, much of what makes some people successful involves cultivating of certain habits. Learning what these habits are and how to employ in your own life is worthwhile. Here are ten of most often - cited habits of successful people - 1) Organisation - One of the most frequently mentioned habits of those successful in life is organisation which includes Planning and as well as setting up priorities and goals. People calls for a prioritized list of 'To do list" every evening before going to bed to prepare for the next day. Some people find"Sunday" is an important day for organisation and a time to "Get ready for rest of the  week." 2) Relaxation - It is interesting to note that that relaxing - By Meditating or simply avoiding distractions- is another of most often habits of successful people. Relaxation comes easily to those who are organised, so perhaps for some it is another byproduct than a conscious decision. In fact, one of ...

Nuclear power is characterised by the very large amount of energy produced from a very small amount of fuel and the amount of waste produced during this process is very small. Much of the waste produced is Radioactive and therefore must be carefully managed as hazardous material. All parts of nuclear fuel cycle produce some radioactive waste and the cost of managing and disposing of this is part of the electricity cost. Radioactive waste is not unique to the nuclear fuel cycle. Radioactive materials are used extensively in Medicine, Agriculture, Research, Manufacturing, Non - Destructive testing and Mineral Exploration. Unlike the other hazardous industrial materials, level of hazard of all radioactive waste -its Radioactivity - diminishes with time. Types of Radioactive Waste  - Radioactive waste includes any material that is either intrinsically radioactive or has been contaminated by radioactivity, and that is deemed to have no further use. Govt. policy dictates whether cer...

Importance of studying abroad provides many advantages students can gain such as - Broadening world views and ways of thinking by experiencing different cultures. Benefiting students with future career prospects by providing more life and personal connections. An international degree is a gateway to employability prospects abroad. Indian students who wish to return home and seek job opportunities will have them in bounty. Companies consider international exposure an important factor when making decisions about which applicant to hire. And a Bachelor's degree earned abroad will demonstrate to future employers that one possess the go - getter attitude. Following are the decisions which clear one's mind to make a start looking for a perfect international Bachelor's degree - 1) See the world, travel to great countries. 2) Embrace a new culture. 3) Amaze people with foreign language skills. 4) Dream Job. 5) International Bachelor Degree make you smarter. 6) Ease of Adm...

One reason many people oppose Nuclear Power because they think Nuclear Plants are like enormous Nuclear bombs, just waiting to explode and wipe out civilisation. It is true that Nuclear plants and Bombs are both based on Nuclear reaction in which Atoms split apart, but that's generally where the similarity begins and ends. To start with, very different grades of Uranium are used in Power plants and Nuclear bombs ( some use Plutonium, but that's a different story). Bombs need extremely pure enriched Uranium-235 which is made by removing contaminants (another Isotope of Uranium -238) from naturally occurring Uranium unless the contaminants are removed, they stop a Nuclear chain reaction from occurring. Power plants can work less purified, much more ordinary Uranium providing they add another substance called a Moderator. The moderator, made of carbon or water effectively converts the less pure Uranium so it will allow a chain reaction to happen. The important thing to know abou...

Nuclear energy originates from splitting of Uranium atoms- a process called fission. This generates heat to produce steam, which is used by Turbine generator to generate electricity, because Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. It is the safe, clean, cost effective alternative contrary to claims by opponents of nuclear energy. Nuclear power reactors use controlled nuclear fission in a chain reaction. With the use of neutron absorbers, the rate of reaction controlled, so the power depends on demand. By reliably providing power 24 hours a day, Nuclear energy is an important part of the energy mix necessary to meet electricity demand. And, with no carbon emissions, it will remain an important clean energy resource for the future. For more than forty years, Duke Energy, USA has operated nuclear plants- setting industry benchmarks for safety and efficiency in the process. Working of a Nuclear Plant - A Nuclear power plant works much like a...

Economists use many different methods to measure how fast the economy is growing. The most common way to measure is Real GDP (Gross Domestic Product). GDP is the value of everything - Goods and Services produced in the economy. The idea of GDP came up with a basic concept by William Petty to attack landlords against unfair taxation during warfare between Dutch and English between 1654 and 1676. Charles Davenant developed the method further in 1695. The modern concept of GDP was first developed by Simon Kuznets for  a US congress report in 1934. GDP measures output of goods and services produced by labour and property located  within U.S. during a given time period. However, GDP is a measure of raw economic activity, not a complete picture of economic progress. GDP is (like a speedometer of a car) which tells you whether economy is going faster or slower, but it does not tell  whether it is overheating or running out of fuel as also whether or not you are going in the r...

If one wants something to be afraid of, it is not hard to find. We live in a world ruled by fear mongering. Media pushes doomsday predictions and dramatic front page stories daily. But, they are not the fears or worries that are going to make a difference in one's life. The real fear that will diminish life, fears to do something about, are the internal "hidden" fears which will keep one stuck and prevent one, from being the one what it can be. The worst sorrows in life are not its losses and misfortunes but its fears. Here are four fears to master and how to do so - 1) Fear of what others think of you - Most people are afraid to do anything feeling that they don't want to upset other people. This fear on a more extensive level is an expression of social anxiety. It is the fear that people will reject us keeps us playing small. If one does not want to come to terms with this fear, you will resist your call to greatness. Instead of worrying people not accepting yo...

India has been passing through the economic imbalances in its different regions since long. Following are the main causes which are responsible for the same - 1) Historical Factor - Regional imbalance started in India from its British regime. The British rulers and Industrialists started to develop only those regions of the country which were possessing rich potential for manufacturing and trading activities. They mostly preferred to concentrate in West Bengal and Maharashtra and more particularly in cities like Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. They concentrated all their industries in and around these cities neglecting the rest of country to remain backward. The Land policy followed by the British frustrated the Farmers to the maximum extent and led to the growth of privileged class like Zamindars and Money lenders for the exploitation of poor farmers. In the absence of proper land reforms and industrial policy, country could not achieve the economic growth to a satisfactory level. The...

Peace of mind refers to state of mentally being healthy and spiritually at peace with enough knowledge and understanding to keep oneself strong in the face of Discord and Stress. Being at  Peace is considered by many to be healthy and the opposite of being stressed or anxious. Finding inner peace is more about being the doing. It is about learning towards rather than struggling against. Peace is a daily, a weekly, a monthly process gradually changing opinions slowly eroding old barriers, quietly building new structures. It isn't enough to talk about peace. One must believe in it and it is not enough to believe in it, one must work at it. Nobody can bring you peace but yourself. Peace is its own reward. Never be in a hurry, do everything quietly and in a calm spirit. Do not lose your inner peace for anything whatsoever, even if your whole world seems upset. If you cannot find peace within yourself, you will never find it elsewhere. Following are eleven points to find peace of m...

Floods are one of the most devastating and costly national disasters each year affecting on an average 96.9 million people worldwide and causing $13.7 Billion in damages according to U.N. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. They wash away or destroy Homes, Pollute Drinking Water and a source to giving birth to water borne diseases. The Indian sub-continent is one of the most affected due to chronic flood events mostly induced by periodic monsoon rainfall. The North - Eastern state of Assam has a complex fluvial systems of rivers, mainly with two inter connected rivers of Brahmaputra and Barak which together enter Bay of Bengal. Due to enormous sediment transport from the upper catchment areas and subsequent lack of carrying capacity of the channels in these two river valleys, flooding is a periodic phenomenon every year during the peak monsoon months from June to Sept. causing extensive damages to life and property. Satellite plays important role in detection and monitoring of flo...

During election period, candidates will often speak to Media or directly to People in their electorate about the issues they stand for. The goal of the an election speech is to persuade an elector to vote for a candidate. A campaign speech must convey an overall message to the intended audience. It must appeal to the emotions and feelings of the audience and connect spoken words to persons who will hopefully support the candidate giving the speech. The greatest impact a speech can have is to mobilise a group of people to support, fund and to work for the candidate making the speech. All this must be clearly articulated during the beginning of the speech. Following six tips are useful for writing a powerful Election Campaign speech - 1) Get potential voters on side. 2) Get you message out fast. 3) Give equal measure to empathy, warmth and authority. 4) Stay in control and be confident. 5) Use repetition to best effect. 6) Take inspiration from great orators. Start the speech ...

Digital Finance is a powerful means to expand access beyond financial services to other sectors, including Agriculture, Water, Health, Transportation, Education and Clean energy. Digital solutions and new technologies offer great potential to overcome massive development challenges and will contribute to the World Bank Group achieving goal of universal access to financial services by 2020. With 2.5 Billion people in developing countries deprived of access to formal financial services and more than 200 Million small businesses lacking of access to the financing they need to grow, expanding access to finance remains a challenge. The benefits of Digital finance extend well beyond conventional financial services. This can also be a powerful tool and engine for job creation in developing countries. Digital Finance is already an everyday realty for Tanzanian, Kenyan and Rwandan customers who are using Mobisol Solar Home Systems. Paying for solar power in small instalments through mobile m...

The past isn't meant to be forgotten. In many ways, the past is meant to be celebrated. The moments that have come before, the memories, the cities one have been to, the mistakes and choices one has made. It is called the past for a reason. Because it's come and gone, it's behind and in rear view, it has passed. But it's still important. The past teaches us: How we've grown, what we've learned, the people who have shaped us and the person we've become, which is very important. If one bury the past, one can't learn from his mistakes, can't acknowledge the emotions, can't grow. One should not have to cling desperately to past, tie it like lead balloons to ankles and hands. But the need to remember is, need to accept what it teaches and how it can help. Instead, hold its lessons and Happy memories close to your heart, let all that build you into an even better person. There is no reason to hang on to the past regret and pain. But there is a reason...

Managing incompetent boss at the workplace is better known as stopping the Bullying by him. Bullying is defined as when an individual or a group of people repeatedly and intentionally cause hurt or harm to another person or group of persons who feel helpless to respond. It can continue over time, is often hidden and probably continue if no action is taken to stop this menace. Bullying have no place in Academia even if they carried out by those who are star in their field. The highly competitive, hierarchical atmosphere of Academia is well known as a fertile breeding ground for bullying behavior. Protection seem to be inadequate. Discovering Head's behavior fits into bullying category takes some of the emotional sting out of the equation. The most common trait among workplace Bullies is lack of emotional maturity. An office Bully can be a Boss or co-worker that makes the environment uncomfortable and often gives intolerance. He may try to embarrass or demean others in Public, star...

'Enigma' is defined as 'A person or thing that is mysterious or difficult to understand'. The Enigma is considered important is its historical context. It was a widely used Cryptographic machine in Nazi submarine warfare, which was a key part of European conflict. The best cryptography, the Enigma machine is simple to describe but infuriating to break. Enigma looked from outside like an oversized typewriter. The Turing Test - This test was framed by Alan Turing, born in 1912, was an English Mathematician and Computer Scientist is considered to be father of Computer Science. He proposed a concept of computer machine which is regarded as a model of modern computer. He played a significant role during World War II where he with his team build a machine to decode German ciphers. The success of the code breaking work helped Allies to defeat the Nazis. It is estimated that his work saved over 14 million lives. The Enigma machine was a piece of German engineering that encry...

Poor Management skills carry long lasting effects and may infect the entire Institution. The results of toxic, misguided leadership reach far and wide. They can even effect employee retention. On the other hand, good management skills positively impact an institution in many ways like reducing turnover, improving morale, and empowering employees to be more productive. Management needs to lead by example and create a positive working environment for employees to perform at their best capacity. Management should not interpret the rules in a biased manner so as to benefit teaching staff and avoiding non - teaching staff, and should always have a positive approach to solve the issues rather than doing it other way. Restricting contact between Board and Staff results in suspicion on the part of the Board that the Executive is trying to keep information from the Board and resentment from the Staff. Following guidelines can help Board -Staff contact to safeguard the interest of the Institu...

Following are ten qualities (not in order of importance), which I believe are the most important for a Prime Minister and why ? - 1) Ability to connect with constituents - All great leaders in history had a penchant for being able to connect with their citizens i.e. a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something. Leaders who have failed have probably failed in this domain. 2) Clarity of vision - The Prime Minister who knows their vision and can successfully articulate it to the voting public is one who will be held in high regard. 3) Coherent grasp of domestic issues - There has to be a keen desire and understanding of domestic concerns that directly impact the citizens. Failure to understand and address these issues will create a gap between what the Leader does and how it impacts their citizens. 4) Clear understanding of different cultures in their Governance - All good leaders will be able to understand the Political culture, Ethical/ Racial cultures, Cl...