ranjan

Virus is a microscopic parasite which can infect living organisms and cause disease. It can make copies of itself inside another organisms cells. It consists of Nucleic acid  plus a protein coat. They are much smaller than Bacteria. It can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to micro organisms including bacteria and archaea. Spike proteins are what Coronavirus use to bind to the membrane of human cells that they infect. The binding process is activated by certain cell enzymes. SARS-2 (a serious respiratory illness that is caused by a Coronavirus and is characterized by fever, headache body aches, dry cough, hypoxia and usually Pneumonia)  by  has a specific structure which allows it to bind at least ten times more tightly than the corresponding spike protein to their common hose cell receptor. Partly, this is due to the fact that the spike protein contain a site that recognizes and becomes activated by enzyme called Furin. Furin is a host cell e...

Economic development projects and increased social initiatives will be vital in the coming years in India. In order to generate the revenue needed to get them off the ground. India's debt -among the highest in the emerging markets - must be reduced. Despite some improvement in reported fiscal deficits, Debt as a share of GDP remains little changed over the past decade partly due to increases in off - budget financing. Large public sector footprints ties up financial resources that could be drawn for private investment otherwise.  Reforms to improve Budgeting and enhance transparency n fiscal reporting have main role to play in keeping debt on a durable downward trajectory. Much of the discussions regarding fiscal policies in India focuses on its Central and State Govt. deficits. However a broader and more relevant measure of the Govt.'s fiscal position and its bearing on the economy is the Public Sector borrowing requirement which has risen to 8..5% (app.) of GDP. In other ...

The aspiration of $ 5 Trillion economy in India is achievable if all States and Sectors collectively make it their ambition and work with good governance on it. India is an economy of 29 states and vibrant Union Territories and it is important to gauge the potential of each one of them, has to come up with their own strategy to be a part of country's economy. Each state has its manufacturing and commerce strengths which it monopolizes. The growth at national level is an aggregation of growth at state level. As such, conscious efforts by State Governments to facilitate growth of industry and overall Socio-Economic Development in their regions will push India's growth upwards. On the other hand, states should ensure percolation of reform measures up to the Grass Root levels to ensure growth. Reasons for increase in Fiscal Deficit   - These are - 1) Increase in Subsidies - on a number of items such as Fertilizers, Food items, Exports etc.     causing fiscal imbala...

There are a number of countries without the burden of Income Tax and many of them are very pleasant countries to live in. However, taking benefit of living in a no-income-tax country is not as easy as packing a suitcase and buying a plane ticket. A few of such countries are - 1. United Arab Emirates (UAE) - There are number of oil countries in the Middle East that     have no income tax and UAE is considered as one of the most attractive with a relatively     stable Govt. and economy. The country is having multi cultural environment than the     majority of countries in the middle East. There are good education facilities and a strong     English -speaking population.   2. The Bahamas - As Caribbean islands go, The Bahamas is one of the relatively less- expensive     ones to live in. Enjoying the benefit of not having to pay Income Tax, the Bahamas depends     on residency, not on actually obtaining citizensh...

Excessive fatty foods intake can increase Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels, not all fats are unhealthy. Omega-3 fatty acids may have significant benefits in lowering the risk of Heart disease. They may also protect against Depression, Cancer, Dementia and Arthritis. These acids are found in higher amounts Walnuts, Salmon and Spinach. There are many types of Omega-3 fatty acids. The types found in fish, called DHA and EPA ( acid may help reduce inflammation,heart disease, supports brain and eye health) appear to have the strongest health benefits. Another form of Omega-3 fatty acid is known as ALA ( naturally occurring compound made in the body), serves vital functions at cellular level) is found in vegetable oils, Flax seeds, walnuts and spinach. It is felt that Omega-3 help fight disease by reducing inflammation in blood vessels, joints and elsewhere. High doses also lower the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm and reduce unhealthy fats in the blood stream known as Triglycerides...

The bacteria- fighting drugs can damage kidneys if used too often. It can happen even if you are perfectly healthy, though it is more serious if kidneys don't work as well as they should. Some types like Penicillin, Sulfonamides and Cephalosporins are more likely to cause problems. Supplement makers don't have to prove their products are safe, and some can damage the kidneys. Those can be especially harmful if you have kidney disease because they can make the condition worse or affect how some medicines work. Kidney process everything you eat or drink, including which is bad like lots of salt, fat and sugar. A bad diet, over the time, can lead to High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Obesity and other conditions hard  on kidneys. A healthy diet has lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and few processed foods. Watch Salt - This mineral effects in different ways. For some, it seems to raise amount of protein in urine. That can harm kidneys or make kidney disease worse. Lot of sa...

There are various short flights in the world in order to save travel time for people. A few of them are - Shortest commercial flight is a 1.7 miles route between two Scottish islands. The flight between Westray and Papa Westray near the mainland of Orkney lasts just 57 seconds and it costs $51 (Return) or 45 pounds for a "Sightseer fare". It is used by local Islanders, Teachers, Doctors, Police officers and even by local banker. The route from airline Loganair, only major UK airline owned and headquartered in Scotland. Privately owned Logan Air was founded in 1962 and has 30 aircraft in its fleet. The Orkney Inter -Isles air service connects the Orkney mainland with six outer islands Eday, North Ronaldsay, Papa westray, Sanday, Stronsay and Westray - and the airline saw its millionth passenger in October last. It is an essential life-line service for the people of Orkey, connecting the individual islands via a convenient air link.      The flight are serviced ...

Credit Card skimming is a type of Credit card theft where crooks use a small device to steal credit card information in an otherwise legitimate Debit or Credit card transaction. When a card is swiped through skimmer, the device captures and stores all the details stored in the card's magnetic stripe. The stripe contains the Credit card number, expiry date and the Holder's full name. Thieves use the stolen data to make fraudulent charges either through online or with a counterfeit credit card. Credit card skimmers are often placed over the card swipe mechanism on ATMs and Gas stations, but the skimmers can be placed on almost any type of card reader. With ATMs, small undetectable camera may also be placed nearby to record you entering your PIN. This gives all the information needed to make fake cards and draw cash from Cardholder's account. Occasionally, we hand over card to a worker in a restaurant or retail store to cover the check. The person walks away with the card ...

Vitamin 'D' is commonly known as 'Sunshine Vitamin'. It is due to that skin makes Vitamin 'D' when it is exposed to sunlight. Getting enough vitamin D is important for optimal health. It helps maintain strong and healthy bones, immune system and help in many harmful conditions. Vitamin D belongs to the family of fat soluble vitamins, which include Vitamin A,D,E and K. These vitamins are absorbed well with fat and are stored in Liver and fatty tissues.  There are two forms of Vitamin D in the diet.  1) Vitamin D2 - Found in Plant foods like mushrooms.  2) Vitamin D3 - Found in Animal foods like salmon, cod and egg yolks. However, Sunlight is the best natural source of Vitamin D. The UV (Ultra Violet Rays) from sunlight convert Cholesterol in the skin into Vitamin D3. Before body can use dietary vitamin D, it must be activated through a series of steps. First, lever converts Vitamin D into the storage form of Vitamin D. This is the form that is measured to...

The muscle in legs are made up of bundles of fibers that alternately contract and expend to effect movement. A cramp is a sudden, involuntary contraction (tightening) of one of these muscles, typically in calf. It can last anytime from a few seconds to several minutes. They can be mild, or intense enough to wake you out of a sound sleep. A sudden, painful muscle spasm in the leg is called a "Charley Horse", which legend has it is named after Baseball player Charlie ' Hoss' Radbourn, who suffered from frequent cramps back in 1880s. There is no certain cause for a cramp. Exercise is a common trigger, especially after you have exercised for a long period or in the heat. Muscles that are tired or dehydrated become irritated and are more likely to cramp up. A deficiency of electrolytes such as Magnesium or Potassium in the diet can lead to more frequent cramping, by preventing muscles from fully relaxation. The risk of a cramp increases during pregnancy, possibly due to...

Congestion and Traffic related pollution are the largest contributors to Air pollution in cities. Rapid urbanization in developing countries has caused a large scale proliferation in Motor Vehicle use making cities increasingly congested and subsequently polluted in developing economies. Rapid convergence of people on cities supplies human resources which contribute to potential economic growth but also intensifies the strain on resources such as Land, Water, Housing and other infrastructure like Transport. The impact of Motorized  transport can be seen in congestion, accidents, community severance and pollution since it grows more rapidly than the available road space. Severe traffic congestion, especially during extended peak hours contributes local air pollution and leads to significant economic losses in time and fuel.The need to offset transport effects in urban areas is clearly recognized. In the case of Delhi, following are few suggestions which, if adopted, can b...

Gold has been considered valuable asset for us as long as human civilization has existed. It is a timeless currency and considered the ultimate safe-haven asset. The price of the metal soar in times of  economic difficulty or Geopolitical instability, when demand increases as Investors lose confidence in banks and higher risk investments. On the other hand, price often decrease in more stable times, when Investors' confidence and appetite for risk is much higher. Gold is used as a standard of value for currencies all over the world. The price of gold gets stated as a currency value, often in U.S. dollars and the price of Gold can fluctuate with market conditions. The Global Economic crash of 2008 is an excellent example of this. In the three years following Lehman Brothers. bankruptcy in September 2008, the price of Gold increased by 157% as the impact of bank's collapse was felt across the world. Looking at the historical movements of Gold price, taking into account the s...

Many entrepreneurs fall prey to some common marketing mistakes that can have terrifying results for their business. Marketing is a scary concept for many businesses but it does not have to be frightening. Correct the following seven mistakes and make your marketing work for your business.    These are - 1) Marketing without setting a Goal - In Digital marketing, Print marketing or Word-of-mouth,     first thing to be established is a Goal. Start by setting specific, measurable goals for each     marketing on "selling"campaign. Keeping this in mind, one will be better able to design     successful marketing campaigns. 2) Neglecting your current customers - Many businesses focus on marketing Dollars on attracting     new customers.While new customers are important, Returning customers can be even more     valuable. Create a marketing plan to stay in touch with existing customers. Work to enhance     their ...

Setting Sales targets has always been an inexact science, with serious consequences if done poorly. Using AI based advanced analytics might be the answer. Setting the right sale targets for employees is a difficult balancing act, with long term consequences on morale and growth. Setting a target too low, making it easily achievable might cause an employee to not put in the effort. Setting a target too high can be equally problematic, since there is no chance of meeting it. The Salesperson will be discouraged, and just as unlikely to work to their full potential. In fact. organisations, often lose top Sales talent because of target setting that penalizes success. One common misstep is using past performance as a yardstick. If a top performer overshoots annual target say by 20%, the next year's target is set at 120% of the current year. While next year's target for a Rep who just achieves 90% of this year's target remains unchanged. Not surprisingly, Top performer find unf...

Economic reforms are often painful in the short term and hence unpopular, but does not mean that Reform - minded leaders always pay a price at the ballot box. The question is timely, because Economic Policy Agenda in both advanced and developing economies is increasingly focused on structural reforms, amid weak medium-term growth and limited fiscal space. Policies that change the way Governments work range from reducing regulatory barriers to competition and opening to trade and financial flows to increasing labour market flexibility. They are motivated by objectives which include Investment, Raising productivity and employment thereby making economy more resilient to shocks. While there has been broad agreement on economic benefits of structural reforms, the Political impact is less settled. This is due to reforms may generate gains for society as a whole only in longer term while effecting short-term pain on some sectors. Those affected may be highly vocal and organised. In suc...

Protein is one of the complex group of Molecules that do all kinds of jobs in your body. They make up your hair, bones, nails and muscles. Protein gives tissues and organs their shape and helps them work the way they should. Protein is not body's first or even second choice for getting energy. That role is for carbohydrates and fats. But when you are running low on calories, or if you are a serious athlete, thank protein for keeping you going past the point of normal energy stores. You need protein to keep up the size and shape of your muscles. As you lose weight, protein prevents you from losing muscle at the same time. If you lift weight for strength, protein is the key to building more muscle. Getting the right amount of protein in your diet improves Bone health and lower chance of Bone loss ( Osteoporosis) by helping you hold on to your Bone density, prevents breaks as you age too. Proteins are made of Amino acids. These compounds help turn key players in your Immune system...

Much has been written and said about the ongoing Economic slowdown in Indian Economy. It was being indirectly said about various economic indicators warning signals for the last year or so, which has triggered into the present criticism of GDP coming down which has suddenly brought the issue into a full public glare. In fact, India was as the fastest growing developing country for the last two years, slowdown has also caught many of those making such claims by surprise. The reasons attributed to this fall can be viewed as under- 1. Fall in private consumption and Investment freeze leading to double event with a powerful     and unpleasant effect. Private consumption has taken a beating due to Demonetisation as     consumers suddenly prefer to hoard cash or in Banks instead of spending on consumer goods.     This led to withholding  of Investment by SMEs since they too operate on cash basis and the     cash crunch left them dry. Fa...

When it comes to deciding the type of Franchise business you want to own, there are several factors to consider. The business location, how many people you will employ and more. And once you have decided for a franchise business you think you would like to own and operate, you will have to weigh the Positive sand Negatives. If you have decided on a Food Franchise, here are some pros for owning a food franchise business. 1. New Food Service establishments create a lot of buzz. Most people know when a new     restaurant opens in town, especially if the Grand Opening is a memorable one. When you     buy a franchise, Marketing Assistance is included in the upfront and ongoing fees. Good     franchisors know how to put on a strong Grand opening, and if goes well, you need not have     to wait for customers to line up    to try and purchase your food. As long as have a steady     stream of customers patronizing your food ...

Starting a independent Consulting practice is one of the best ways to turn your depth of knowledge and years of experience into a business. A consultant is an expert who advises others in a specific field or to fix specific problems. Many people confuse Consultant with Freelancers. It's not unusual to interchange the terms "Consulting" and "Freelancers" when describing the services you perform as a contract worker. However, each word has a different connotation when describing the type of relationship you plan to have with customer and the services you offer. Understanding these differences is an important part of positioning your business for future success. Consulting differs from Coaching which is another way to help others with your expertise. Consulting is focused on business or groups as a client, although individuals sometimes seek consultants. Consultants assess an issue and prepare a solution with a focus on processes. In most cases, after an expla...

The World Bank is an international organisation that helps emerging market countries to reduce poverty. Its first goal is to end extreme poverty. It wants no more than 3% of people to live on $1.90 a day or less by 2030. Its second goal is to promote shared prosperity. It wants to improve the incomes of the bottom 40% of the population of each country. Since 1947, the World Bank has funded more than 12,000 projects. It is not a bank in the conventional sense of the word. Instead, it consists of two development institutions. One is International Bank of Reconstruction and Development which provides Loans, Credits and Grants. The second is International Development Association which provides loans to low or No- interest to low income countries. The Bank works closely with three other organisations in the World Bank Group. These are - 1) International Finance Corporation (IFC) provides Advice, Investment and Asset Management to     companies and Governments. 2) Multilatera...