ranjan

Deception is universal phenomenon in human communication & source of moral indignation prevailing in all cultural systems. As such, several techniques of lie detection has been developed over the centuries. One of the first methods of lie detection was done in China in 1000 B.C. The suspect was to chew raw Rice while being questioned. Immediately, thereafter rice was examined. If it was dry, suspect was assured to be guilty of fraud. The assumption was that lie is accompanied by honest signals of body (Saliva) which reveal the anxiety experienced by the suspect. This principle of expressions, quite interestingly, of emotions with deceptive communication is reflected machine based learning. The second part is scientifically based e.g. Polygraph, phrenology and Graphology. This is followed by modern day approaches - Facial Action Coding System (FACS) Functional MRI and Brain Finger printing. The Artificial Intelligence system called 'Deception Analysis & Reasoning...

Alfred B. Nobel (1833-1896) a Swedish Chemist & Engineer by profession, who invented Dynamite and making Bofors a major arms manufacturer, left Nine Million Dollars in his will  to establish Nobel Prizes which are awarded annually to all those who have done best to benefit mankind without regard to Nationality in the areas of Peace, Literature, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine and Economic Science. Winning a Nobel Prize is a life changing honor. The award attracts internationally known figure - a Scientist, a Laureate towards recognition highlighting one life's work and provide funds to continue and move ahead towards the mission. For Academics & Institutions, the prize is to attract best and brightest minds - whether students or Scholars. At the outset, it seems odd that an inventor of a powerful explosive would establish a group of awards which include Peace prize. But Nobel was an industrialist with conscience. He credited himself with creation of a control...

Introspection is the process of examining our thoughts, feelings and motives. It gears up a system of healthy self reflection, exploration and examination of our Brain and self well-being. It helps us in finding out the mistakes one has done in life and helps to learn from such mistakes. It gives a chance to catch ourselves repeating patterns which one find pain and need to change. It is valid and reliable scientific method of exploring and reflecting own consciousness and judging our attitude and behaviour. This term 'introspection' was used by Wilhelm Wunpt  who opened Institute of Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. Its main benefits are - 1)  Strengthening emotional intelligence since one is taking time to reflect while looking inwards. 2)  Become more confident. 3)  Acting with integrity, to be clear on our own core values to strengthen theory to take better      decisions. There are seven ways to in...

Artificial Intelligence has been used to development technologies of collecting Big Data used by the businesses for years now. It can be for Manufacturing, Sales and Marketing, Healthcare, Logistics, Transportation, Speech recognition, Discussions with customers, Transportation and many more. In addition, Artificial Intelligence can be a important tool which will have impact on Human kind & can do to serve our planet as well. Given here under are the seven ways in which it can do so -  1) Energy Grids - In order to meet challenges for efficient use of Power, Artificial Intelligence is              now beginning to learn patterns of energy use by Day & Night, Geography, and Seasons. By       collecting this data, predictions can be for its Right distribution, Load management and Storage       needed. 2) Smart Farming and food distribution - A.I. can help in detection of crop diseases in its early ...

Singapore is one of the world's prosperous nations. It has been ruled by People's Acton Party (PAP) since its independence in 1965 from UK. Singapore's highly developed free-market economy is successful due its prudent monetary  & fiscal policies and a transparent legal framework. The Govt. is for implementation of active industrial policy to promote economic development & diversification & is promoting business by significant public investments and targeted fiscal incentives. Well secured property rights, promote entrepreneurship & productivity effectively. Singapore is one of the least corrupt countries though power of deeply entrenched political elites continue to raise concerns. Labour laws allows relatively free hiring and firing practices, Govt. has started making approvals of foreign labour difficult. The top  income tax for individuals is 22% and Corporates 17%. The tax burden is 13.6% of total Domestic income. Govt. funds generously Housin...

Robots and Artificial intelligence serve different purposes. These two fields are entirely different. Robots are entirely programmable machines able to carry out one or more tasks automatically with speed and precision. The three factors which constitute a Robot are - Interaction with physical world via sensors and activators, Programming, autonomous and semi- autonomous functions. There is no standard definition of Robot thinking which requires Artificial Intelligence. As well, a Robot involves designing, building and programming physical Robots. Only a small part of it requires a part of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science involving development of computer programs which would require human intelligence. Artificial Robots act as bridge between Robotics and A.I. These Robots are controlled by A.I. programs. Many Robots are not artificially intelligent since they were programmed only to do repetitive movements, so do not require A...

A Reserve currency is the one which is held in significant quantities by the Govts. as part of their foreign exchange reserves and is commonly used in international transactions, investments and all aspects of Global economy. The purpose of  Reserve currency is to be a currency of last resort i.e. Trust - used in international transactions. In order to be a good reserve, currency should be - Liquid - Easily sold & purchased in Market. Deep - Large amounts can be transacted without affecting the price of currency. Since 1944, when nations around the world ratified Bretton Woods agreement, Gold backed  U.S. Dollar has been the most dominant currency of the world. People prefer to use Dollars as it was trusted since U.S. always paid back its Debts - Term full faith & credit on every federal reserve bill. The U.S. economy benefits from a currency which greases the wheels of Global financial system. The strength of U.S. economy supports value of its currency. Aroun...

Elections in India have been the largest electoral exercise in the world ever since 1952 when first elections were held. Elections are defined in four phases of its process namely - Campaign, Vote, Announcements of results and subsequent formation of Govt. Survey research of election reflects close relationship between media & politics. Debates around study of possible elections results involve political and scientific arguments which sometimes are difficult to disentangle. Some focus on historical depths and some on quantities and qualities of methods adopted by political parties. In 1950, there were virtually no market research organisations in India and the dominance of Congress diminished any incentive to develop political polls. The survey started from 1989-90 polls which started with State level elections and later linked to Pre-poll survey on National level elections. At present, we see a surprisingly dramatic change in the pace and direction of election debates. ...

The right to privacy is a developed area of law in Europe. In 1980, OECD - Organisation of Economic Development issued guidelines governing protection of Privacy & Trans-border flows of personal data. These guidelines were however, not binding and data privacy laws varied across Europe. In April 2016, GDPR -General Data Protection Regulation was agreed upon by European Union (to be established by May 2018). The purpose of GDPR is to impose a uniform Data Security law on all EU members so that they need not write its own data protection laws. The five benefits to focus on adopting GDPR are- 1) Improve Data Management with Data subject rights. 2) Enhance Cyber security, cross border data transfer, Breach of security. 3) Increase market returns on Investment. 4) Accountability and loyalty, Training and awareness. 5) Third party vendor Management, Notice and consent. Under GDPR, if an entity offers goods & services to any business/person in EU and collects and process...

The growth of different sectors in the economy is balanced through the financial system. The financial system funds the sectors by providing funds for industrial, agriculture and services sector. The three major functions of financial system are:- 1)  Liquidity provision - Banks and financial services offer to buy and sell securities as per      need and in large amounts to fill the usual and sudden requirements of stake holders. 2)  Credit provision - Govt. invests in infra - structure projects by correcting spending,       and reducing the cycles of tax revenues. Individuals can purchase homes and business       can invest more than the cash they have and other utilities without saving entire amount       in advance. Banks and other financial services provide credit facilities  to the stake       holders. 3)   Risk Management Service - Finance provides Risk management from r...

India is the 7th largest country with land mass of 3.30 Million Square Kms. and second largest in population of over 1.2 Billion, accounts for 17.2% of world population. The country has to produce about one Trillion worth of GDP to fulfill needs of its population. In order to produce this one Trillion worth of output, India needs 2.5 Million of Barrels of oil per day which is 4.4% of total world demand for oil. This ever growing demand creates profound influence on growth and inflation levels in India. International oil prices is to effect the domestic prices. The administered price mechanism had shielded the country from impact of oil shocks. CURRENT POSITION Government of India has given up the administered price mechanism in oil sector and linked oil prices in June 2010 and Diesel prices in Oct. 2014 with international oil prices. Oil prices certainly affects Indian economy where US Dollars is the acceptable currency in international market. The impact has been assumed...

Artificial Intelligence & Machine learning saw a great spike in past few years, whether it is due to Partnerships, In-house Developments, Acquisitions. Large financial institutions around the world has been involved in bringing Artificial Intelligence into operations and customer facing functions. It has opened up a world of possibilities for Application developers. As machines continue to learn and analyze data, financial institutions can capitalize in various areas to enhance productivity and ultimately profitability. Machine learning and Artificial intelligence can effortlessly consume data and expedite at large levels. A.I.has several applications in banking sector of which the main are - 1. AMP (Anti Money Laundering) Pattern- Refers to sets of procedures, laws or regulations     designed to stop practice of generating income through illegal actions In most cases. most     of major banks throughout are shifting from role based software to A.I. bas...

Fraud has been a major issue for financial institutions since long. As the global transactions have increased, danger has too. Artificial intelligence has significant potential to reduce as financial automatic detection & machine learning tools becomes more powerful.The speed at which losses occur in financial frauds takes place makes fraud detection techniques increasingly important. An additional benefit of a more powerful model of Artificial intelligence is its ability to use wide data continuously for different customers of their transactions for accurate comparison. Thus, as life, circumstances & spending habits of customer changes, model would automatically adjust what it views as fraudulent transactions and so exercise control on such transactions and minimize frauds. Financial systems are interlinked with Buyers,Sellers,Service providers, Banks & criminals attack the weakest link to infiltrate systems and make fraudulent purchases and claims. Fraudster...

Further to submission in my previous note on the subject, given below is brief of what can be achieved as also taken care of  by use of Artificial Intelligence systems - 1)  Chances of error is almost nil and greater precision and accuracy is achieved. 2)  Fraud detection is possible in Smart cards-based systems and is employed in Banks and      financial institutions & manage records. Lacking emotional side, Robots can think logically      and take right decisions.without associating with the mood which effects Humans efficiency. 3) Can be used to explore Space. They are machines and have the ability to adapt in a manner     that Planetary atmosphere do not effect physical state and functioning. 4) Used to dig for Fuels & other mining purposes.They can be harnessed to explore depths      of oceans and can be used in overcoming the limitations that humans have. They can do      laborio...

The founder of Artificial intelligence was Prof. John Mccarthy, an American Computer scientist at Stanford university, USA. He along with Prof. Newell and Prof. Simon designed the modern first Artificial Intelligence program in a conference held at Dartsmouth in 1955.  A true Artificial Intelligence system is the one which can learn on its own. It is all about the networking which can make connections and reach meanings without relying on Pre-defined behavioral algorithms. True A.I. can improve on past iterations, getting smarter & more aware, allowing it to enhance its capabilities and knowledge.       It is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines i.e. by computers. The machines are designed and programmed in such a manner that they can think and act like a human being. Artificial intelligence is becoming important part of our daily life since this technology is used in a wide area of day today services. The processes includes Learni...

India is the major exporter of goods and services throughout the world. The reason for exports to, say for example to USA is because of currency difference since exporting goods generate huge amount of Foreign Reserves. A review to draw a comparison if both Rupee and the Dollar are kept at the same level shall reflect the following effects -  1. Decline in Exports - If one consignment of shoes to be exported costs Rs.10,000/- which is      equal to 10,000 Dollars, then why would anybody will like to send it? Because earnings will      remain same. Moreover, it will discourage exporters' community as well Such activity have     some dangers and harms also. Currency fluctuates mainly with different economic cycles,     purchasing power and market forces besides other factors. Not exporting will mean no dollars     in India which will effect international payments capacity, contingencies or unexpected capital  ...

It is evident and the results have shown that Govt. is making efforts in managing inflation and provide Social Services to the public e.g. providing Gas connections, light, power,education, health to quote a few and extending other benefits as well. It proves to be a fact that anything seems impossible unless it is done, and Govt. has done it. At the same time , it is a matter of concern to just draw a balance between GST and Fuel prices. In fact, both these tools play significant role in building the economy. As on date, it has now come to a level of negating the effects of Govt. efforts to control inflation which is the need of time. Following exercise will bring in more clarity to the functions of GST and Fuel prices - - GST - As is understood, GST was implemented for the purpose to cover entire trade under one              tax regime throughout. The rates are fixed/ reviewed /revised by the council which was         ...

Australia was a founder member of commonwealth in 1931 when its independence was recognized under the statute of Westminster. Australia has a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. There are three countries presently which divide the continent of  Australia as - Australia, New Zealand and Papua new Guinea. There are eight main cities which are playing a prominent role in the growth of its economy. These are - Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Canberra, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin and Perth.    The economy of Australia is a large mixed-market economy. The country is the second wealthiest nation in terms of wealth per adult after Switzerland. The economy is dominated by its service sector comprising 61.1% of GDP employing 79.2% of labor force in 2016. It has four main features of its growth being Trade, Manufacturing, Services and Financing. The description of Australia was reasonably fair in first century of European settlement when wool exports was supr...

Switzerland is a land locked mountainous country in South Central Europe bordered by Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Liechtenstein. About two-third of Switzerland is covered with forests, lakes and mountains. It has no mineral resources and thus depends upon imports, processes and resells them as products. The capital city is Bern, and Zurich, Geneva, Basel, St. Gallen are among the famous 20 cities of Switzerland. The currency is called as Swiss franc. Mostly spoken languages are German, French & Italian in different regions as well. Switzerland's independence and neutrality have been honored by major European powers and it was not involved in any of the two World wars.Its neutrality was acknowledged about 200 years back by a treaty of Paris.  The economy of Switzerland is one of world's advanced economies. The service sector plays significant role particularly Banking, Insurance and Tourism industry employing more than 75% of its works force. The country i...

Human habitation of Bombay existed since stone age. Kolis (Marathi Fishing community) were earlier known settlers of Bombay Islands. Later, Maurya empire gained control in 3rd century & transformed it into a center of Hindu and Buddhist culture and religion.Thereafter, the islands came under control of different rulers between 3rd to 13th century. Muslim rulers of Gujarat captured islands in 1348 and governed up to 1534. Present day city was an extensive group of 7 islands of Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and Little Colaba with open sea, green vegetation and good views of landscapes on west side of coast. Portugese called it as "Bom Bahia" which translates into "Good Bay" in Portugese. The name of Mumbai is derived from Koli Goddess -"Mumba Devi" in 1507.  Portugese reached India in 1498 when Vasco Da Gama landed at Calicut. They established strong foothold in Goa which they captured from Sultan of Bijapur in 1510. The...