ranjan

Kuwait is an Arab, independent, fully Sovereign state. The religion of the state is Islam and Islamic law shall be the main source of legislation.It has nine main cities with Kuwait city as capital. The constitution of Kuwait was created by Constitutional assembly in 1961-62 and signed into law in Nov. 1952 by Emir, the commander of military of Kuwait.  Kuwait is a geographically small petroleum- based progressive  economy. Kuwaiti Dinar is the highest value unit currency in the world.Non-petroleum industries include financial services. National Bank of Kuwait was established in 1952 which is now largest financial institution in Kuwait. Kuwait is the fourth richest country in the world per capita. It is the second richest GCC (Gulf co-operation council) country per capita. Kuwait has oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels -more than 6% of world's reserves. Petroleum accounts for over half of GDP - 92% export revenues and 90% of Govt. income.  By 19th and 20th...

Brunei is a small country situated on North Western edge of Island of Borneo, a part of Indonesia and Malaysia. Brunei occupies 5770 sq. Kms. with a population of around five lakhs. It is the 3rd largest oil producer in South Eat Asia averaging about 1.80 million barrels of per day and 9th largest producer of Natural gas in the world. It is a country with wealthy economy and is mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs, Govt. regulations, welfare measure and village traditions. It is totally supported by exports of crude oil & gas with revenues for half of its GDP. Substantial income from overseas investments supplements from domestic production. Govt. provides for all medical services at no charge and food and housing.There is no personal income tax or Capital gains tax rather companies meeting certain criteria can have pioneer status getting exemptions for income tax up to 5 years depending upon the amount invested. After its independence in 1984, it became member o...

Strawberries are most popular small fruit grown in home gardens. They are rich in minerals and vitamins. They have 18 different Amino acids loaded with flavonoids. They are relatively easy to grow and they can fit in small spaces or fill huge garden plots. Growing strawberries does not require any specialized equipment. They can be grown in a pot, container, deck, porch or balcony. The biggest benefit of strawberries is their perennial nature. One can reap rewards for years after planting Strawberries with minimal effort. After planting year with proper care, each plant can produce full quant of strawberries. Most of these plants multiply themselves. A first time purchase of 25 plants turns into 250 plants after one year. It can be grown from seeds as well. Seeds can be kept in well lighted room in direct sunlight for 2-3 weeks when it should germinate.Soil be kept moist, slightly acidic, well lighted and warm. Strawberries are grown best in Temperate climate  It requires...

Money is not an organic creature but it keeps changing within the society and economic conditions. One rupee in 1947 is not the same one rupee today, both in terms of its purchasing power and appearance. As of today, amid a rise in Global oil prices, Geopolitical uncertainty and decline in the Rupee, fuel prices have witnessed a sharp hike across the country. Rise in crude oil prices has a direct impact on GDP. A weak rupee means a good market for exporters and the biggest loser is the consumer. Following steps may prevent further depreciation of Rupee and to make currency strong:- 1) Govt. should take steps to boost exports intensive sector and develop import substituting     industries to make India less dependent on Imports. 2) Deregulation of Interest rates on deposits from Non resident Indians. 3) Govt. should sell Forex reserves and buy Rupee as an immediate action to arrest decline      in Rupee. 4) Curb speculative trading. 5) Making Gov...

Organic Farming is a production system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers. Pesticides, Growth regulars, genetically modified organisms and Livestock additives. Main reason for farmers wanting to farm organically are the concerns of environment about working with conventional farming systems. Consumers purchase organic foods which are free from chemical pesticides or grown without conventional fertilizers. Product, taste concerns for environment & desire to avoid foods from genetically engineered organisms are among the main reasons, consumers prefer to buy organic foods products. Following steps be kept in focus while considering to start an organic farm:-  1. Gather knowledge of Organic farming.  2. Site is important.  3. Match Land with what it is best for.  4. Know the market.  5. Prepare soil and  good compost.  6. Take care of what you plant.  7. Join community support society...

Mushroom is an excellent source of Protein,Vitamins, Folic Acid and Iron. There are three types of mushrooms which need separate processes. These are: Button Mushroom (popular one), Oyster (Dhingri) and Paddy Straw Mushroom. GROWTH Mushroom grow from Spores not seeds. Spores does not contain chlorophyll to begin germinating. Mushrooms can be grown organically at home also. As mentioned, spores need grain, wooden chips, sawdust, wooden plugs & liquid for nourishment. A blend of spores is called Spawn. Spawn support growth of mushrooms tiny, white, thread line roots called Mycelium. Mushroom need dark, cool, moist & humid growing environments. It grows best in tempratures between 55-60 degrees F. Some mushrooms grow outside in prepared ground or logs, process takes long period than in the controlled environment inside. Three types of Mushrooms are grown which needs separate processes. White button mushroom need to be grown on composted manure, Oyster mushrooms (Dhin...

The League of Nations was formed in 1919 with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland to enforce  the Treaty of Versailles and peace agreements that concluded World War I. It was a thought up by American President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. It was intended to replace secret deals  and war as means for settling international disputes with open diplomacy with peaceful mediation and disarmament & improving global welfare.  The reason for its downfall was that American public after voting refused to join the treaty. Hitler also ordered its German delegates to withdraw from the League of Nations. He gave excuse that though Germany was disarmed while other countries refused to do so. The League miserably failed in its goal to to prevent another World War which broke out two decades later. A replacement of effective League of Nations established after World War II in October 1945 with the founding 51 members, it has now 193 member states. U.N. charter sets o...

The factors leading into formation of OPEC are - 1)  Oil companies - Monopoly of seven major oil companies - five US companies , one each      English company and English - Dutch company. 2) Venezuela oil related activities- Due to movement by increasing oil taxes. In fact, this was     the first step towards creating OPEC. 3) Movement for Nationalisation of oil industry by Mid - East countries. 4) Reduction in oil prices- Around 1959, US companies unilaterally reduced price by 18 cents     to 25 cents per Barrel. 5) Arab countries insistence- for creation of organisation for protecting their interest.        FORMATION OF OPEC- The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent inter governmental organisation created at Baghdad conference on Sept. 10 - 14, 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia & Venezuela. It had its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland in first five years of its existence...

Japanese call Japan as "NIHON" or "NIPPON". Nippon is official pronunciation on Bank notes and postal stamps. Japanese "Yen" is the currency used in Japan since one dollar is (app.) equivalent to 111 Japanese yens. Japan is known as a country virtually with no natural resources like oil, gas, coal iron etc.Japan is a mixed economy since Govt. controls some of the production in the market. It is also run by private corporations & is competitive due to trade tariffs & quotas which the Govt. had put in place. Its trading partner is USA. Japan should be regarded as a socialist country and not as a  capitalist.The monarchy in Japan is with a limited role of Emperor relegated to ceremonial duties.The major cities are Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, & Nagoya.    From 1852 to 1945, Japan was motivated by a deep desire to avoid the fate of China and become a great power. Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with invasion of Manchuria and continued till...

UAE consists of seven Emirates founded and declared their independence from Britain on 2nd December, 1971 as a federation. Six of the emirates, i.e. Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah & Umm Al Quwain combined on that date. Ras Al Khaimah joined on 10th February, 1972. The total population of seven emirates is 8.3 million ( 38% live in Abu Dhabi, 30% in Dubai, rest in other  areas of Emirates). UAE has never been a British colony but have come under British protection. For centuries, region was involved in rival ties between local Emirs on Land and Pirates on sea. Britain began attacking pirates to protect its trade with India. This led to ties with the Heads of the areas which continued  till 1971 when agreement was terminated. It was due to Britain's imperial overreach exhausted politically and bankrupt financially, Britain decided to abandon thee states. UAE became member of Arab league and member of United Nations in 1971.The country is also a member of OPE...

History of U.K. be whatever may be, a power in Europe by various ups and downs over the passage of time in terms of administration, currency, having dominance in different countries, getting involved in two world wars, faced devaluations of its currency, inflation among others, U.K.is as of now, a western style democracy operating under free market economic growth. It has many similarities to social democracies of European Union. But in many ways, U.K.is more conservative economically. It consists of four countries namely England, North Ireland, Scotland and Wales.  U.K.is the first country in the world to become industrialized and today on an average 14 people works for mining, manufacturing & building sector for every one in agriculture sector.The only major secondary industry that is growing is the construction industry, fuelled by  Economic growth  by growing Services, Administrative, Financial services sectors. It dominates the economy contributing about 80% of ...

Gold has a metallic element with melting point at 1064 degree centigrade and boiling point at 2808 degree centigrade. Gold effects Indian economy because it is a non-productive asset. It does not add to any real value of productive capacity of the economy. Most of the Gold purchased in India gets converted into jewellery or kept in lockers and safe boxes. Those who hold are waiting for it to appreciate so that they earn some income and return on investment or to increase their wealth. Gold in India is used as a form for tackling inflation and holding because its rarity is a better way to counter the fluctuations in currency. Gold is the most stable investment which is why every country has a Gold reserve managed by its central bank. Any decision taken by the bank regarding Gold reserves can have impact on Gold rates. Govt. policies can also have a direct or indirect impact on Gold rates.Gold imports directly effects Current Account Deficit (CAD). Large CAD with respect of GDP mak...

 Many investors believe that changes in Gold prices can have an impact on the economy. It is typical to note that Gold prices reflects economy rather than causing them. Gold prices reflects changes in the value of Dollars compared to other foreign currencies. In 1792, USA established fixed price of Gold in terms of Dollars. Gold and Silver became the legal tender in USA as the Spanish Rial (a silver coin) of Spanish empire. U.S. mint legally required to buy & sell Gold & Silver at the rate of 15 parts of Silver to 1 part of Gold. When Dollar is strong, it reflects (even if Gold prices remains same) Gold will be expensive in foreign countries whose currencies have declined in value. This tends to cut demand and put pressure on Gold prices pushing them down in Dollar terms. The opposite is true when Dollar weakens, because of falling prices in foreign currency makes Gold cheaper to purchase, thus raising demand and pushing Gold prices upward. When economy weakens, it ...

The economy of Germany developed after the end of World War II in 1945 is a highly developed social market economy in the world. It has the fourth largest nominal GDP in the world and is a founding member of European Union. It allows free market economy in consumer goods and business services and imposes regulations in those areas to protect citizens. It has been found a perfect mix of capitalism and socialism in economy thus allowing them to prosper economically and socially. Due to its central geographic location, Germany is in interface with new markets of Southern and Eastern Europe. In global trading of goods and services, Germany is in second place after USA Germany stands out as a center of business through : - Innovative and internationally active companies - Developed infrastructure - Qualified and motivated employees - Internationally recognized education system - Top achievement in Research and Development Main industries in Germany are Automotive, Chemicals, Meta...

European Union was created on 1st November, 1993 by Maastricht Treaty between European countries in Netherlands. Six founding member countries of European Union are Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Netherlands, with U.K., Denmark and Ireland joining in 1973. As of now, European Union is a union of 28 European countries sharing Political and Economic relations. It was set up to end frequent wars between Neighbours which culminated into second world war. It has four institutions which work together- European Union, European parliament, Council of European Union and Court of Justice. It was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 2012 for promoting Peace, Human Rights and Democracy in Europe. The Maastricht treaty officially known as Treaty on European Union sets out beginning of a new era of starting process of creating closer union among the people of Europe. It laid foundation of a single currency - Euro - and expanded co-operation between European countries. It was signed on 7t...

At the outset, it is important to understand that all currencies across different countries are effected mostly by the same economic factors. To be specific, primarily following five factors effects the currencies are: i)     Monetary policy ii)    Price inflation iii)   Confidence/Sentiment iv)   GDP - Economic Growth v)    Balance of Payments Pound sterling is one of the most popular currencies in the Foreign Exchange market. It is the considered to be the oldest actively traded currency, Its origin is traced to specie based Sterling which was in the form of a silver coin in 775 AD. At present, this is one among the six strong currencies as compared to Dollar. The other five currencies are- Euros, Bahrain Dinar, Kuwaiti Dinar, Latvian Lats and the Omani Rials. The use of Sterling for trade within Britain continued till 1694 when Bank of England was formed. The Bank assumed the duties of printing paper bank notes represen...

The ability to create jobs, future growth is built up on free market. It is to be noted that every truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed, second it is opposed and third it is self evident.The purpose of mentioning is that these facts are to be kept in mind while going through what is stated  now. Also, these issues shall give better results and shall gain importance if implemented in time, otherwise it shall lose its glare.  Following activities shall give a boost to job creation. 1) Renovation, refurbishing of old forts, palaces lying unused for decades in the states and convert          and develop them as Tourist spots. It will certainly create jobs, increase tourism and earnings     (even foreign exchange) for the state. Development as also their maintenance will create more job     prospects. It will also create development in the adjoining areas and could be a source of earning    for the p...

The moment and place when human governments developed is lost in time. However, history does record the formation of Govt. about 5000 years back. First small city-states came into existence and by second millennium some of them developed into larger governed areas. The word "government" derives from a Greek word. Government is a system or group of people governing an organised community. Main purpose of the Govt. is to seek welfare of civilians and fulfill their needs for betterment of the nation.  At present, there are five types of governments. These are- -  Democracy/ -                - Govt. in which ruling power is by the people, for the people and of the     Republic                          people but following set of rules i.e. the constitution. -  Monarchy -                  -  Govt. in which is...

U.S. dollar is strongest currency which supports U.S. economy. The reason is that more than one -third countries of the world's gross domestic product comes from countries that peg their currencies to dollars. A strong economy will attract investment from all over the world due to perceived safety and ability to achieve return on investment. Since investors seek higher yield on investment particularly from abroad, creates a strong capital account and high demand for dollars. Economic losses of World War have resulted into destruction of capital, trade, human suffering, spread of diseases, displacement of people and destruction of environment among others. Bretton Woods system In the post war scenario, need was felt to have a system to control value of money between different countries. It means that each country had to have a monetary policy that kept exchange rate of its currency within a fixed value - plus or minus one percent - in terms of Gold.This system was agreed upon ...

It was about 500 years before Christopher Columbus, Vikings set foot in North America and established a settlement there. Spain was the first European power to sponsor the voyages of Christopher Columbus which settled and colonize areas of North to South America. The first British colony -Virginia was founded in 1607 and last was Georgia in 1732. By 1650, England established a dominant presence in Atlantic coast. America is named after Amerigo Vestpucci, a Italian exporter who set forth the concept that lands Christopher Columbus sailed to in 1492 was part of a separate continent. Before 1776, USA was not a country. Individual states were colonies of British empire ruled by King and parliament of British empire. They ruled for about 169 years till 1776 when the American revolution began in 1776 till 1783 when 13 colonies became USA. Spain gave support to USA by signing treaty with France and went to war against Britain. Trapped between American and french forces on land and fren...